There are both sprint races and longer endurance tests, each with its own special characteristics-and feed requirements. Most sprints are “widowhood” races, in which hen birds are left in the loft while the cocks are the racers, urged home by the sexual stimulus. For this, a high-energy diet is normally specified: one commercialized mixture is described as containing readily available carbohydrate sources as well as concentrated amounts of essential oils for maximum energy release.

            Long-distances flights have different needs, the birds being fed on higher protein diets with a balance of essential amino acids and energy for stamina. In this case, the racers are often of both sexes, constituting a breeding pair that has been parted temporarily from its eggs or young and returns home because of parental instincts.

            Other formulations are required for the main moult at the end of the racing season, for the winter resting period, for breeding and for rearing young birds. Such is the variety, that  companies offers their product range is made up the classic mix of whole grains and seeds-based in many cases on maize and legumes. Now balanced pelleted feeds and there are also some supplements in pellet form, for fanciers to mix with whole grains.

            Belgium is widely graded as the original home and still the world authority in racing pigeons. Nationally pigeon racing is regarded as the second most popular sport after race-cycling. On average each person has some 50 birds. The total Belgium market for pigeon feed can be put at approximately 56,000 tonnes per month (1991).